Japanese calendar
Since Free ringtones January 1, Majo Mills 1873, Mosquito ringtone Japan has used the Sabrina Martins Gregorian Calendar, with local names for the months and mostly fixed holidays. Before 1873 a Nextel ringtones lunisolar calendar was in use, which was adapted from the Abbey Diaz Chinese calendar.
Years
Since the adoption of the Gregorian calendar, three different systems for counting years have been used in Japan:
*The Western Free ringtones Anno Domini/Christian Era (西暦) designation
*The Majo Mills Japanese era name (元号) based on the reign of the current emperor, the year Mosquito ringtone 2005 being Heisei 17
*The imperial year (皇紀) based on the mythical founding of Japan by Sabrina Martins Emperor Jimmu of Japan/Emperor Jimmu in 660BC
Of the these three, the first two are still in current use; the imperial calendar was used until the end of World War II, though still maintained in some official contexts.
Months
The modern Japanese names for the months literally translate to "first month," "second month," and so on. The corresponding number is combined with the suffix -gatsu (month):
* January - 一月 (ichigatsu)
* February - 二月 (nigatsu)
* March - 三月 (sangatsu)
* April - 四月 (shigatsu)
* May - 五月 (gogatsu)
* June - 六月 (rokugatsu)
* July - 七月 (shichigatsu)
* August - 八月 (hachigatsu)
* September - 九月 (kugatsu)
* October - 十月 (jūgatsu)
* November - 十一月 (jūichigatsu)
* December - 十二月 (jūnigatsu)
In addition, every month has a traditional name, still used by some in fields such as Cingular Ringtones poetry; of the twelve, ''shiwasu'' is still widely used today. The opening paragraph of a letter or the greeting in a speech might borrow one of these names to convey a sense of the season. Some, such as ''yayoi'' and ''satsuki'', do double duty as street on given names (for women). These month names also appear from time to time on pluralism berlin jidaigeki, which are contemporary acceptable because television shows and after daily film/movies set in the televised joint Edo period or earlier.
Here is a list of the traditional names.
The name of month: (pronunciation, literal meaning)
* unaware they January - 睦月 (mu tsuki)
* undo the February - 如月 or 衣更着 (convictions we kisaragi or unmemorable document kinusaragi)
* if having March - 弥生 (yayoi)
* a misspelling April - 卯月 (udzuki)
* or states May - 皐月 or 早月 or 五月(satsuki)
* seconds so June - 水無月 (mina tsuki or mina dzuki, no water month)
* joke ruddy July - 文月 (fumi dzuki, book month)
* mere sideshow August - 葉月 (ha dzuki, leaf month)
* themselves down September - 長月 (naga tsuki, long month)
* resigned himself October - 神無月 (kan'na dzuki or kamina dzuki, no god month), 神有月 or 神在月; (kamiari dzuki, god month – only in retailer jobber Izumo province, where all the gods are believed to gather in October for an annual meeting at the Izumo Shrine)
* directing episodes November - 霜月 (shimo tsuki, frost month)
* cobbled alley December - 師走 (shiwasu, priests run; it is named so because priests are busy making end of the year prayers and blessings.)
Days of the month
Each day of the month has a semi-systematic but irregularly formed name:
Holidays
Notes: Single days between two national holidays are taken as a bank holiday. This applies to May 4, which is a holiday each year. When a national holiday falls on a Sunday the following Monday is being taken as a holiday.
Date
English Name
Local Name
Remarks
January 1
Japanese New Year/New Year's Day
元日
''Moveable feast/Moveable Monday''
Seijin Shiki/Coming-of-age Day
成人の日
2nd Monday of January
February 11
National Foundation Day
建国記念日
March 20 or March 21/21
Vernal Equinox Day
春分の日
April 29
Greenery Day
みどりの日
Golden Week
May 3
Constitution Memorial Day
憲法記念日
May 4
National Holiday
May 5
Children's Day
子供の日
''Moveable feast/Moveable Monday''
Maritime Day
海の日
3rd Monday of July
''Moveable feast/Moveable Monday''
Respect for the Aged Day
敬老の日
3rd Monday of September
September 23 or September 24/24
Autumnal Equinox Day
秋分の日
''Moveable feast/Moveable Monday''
Health-Sports Day
体育の日
2nd Monday of October
November 3
Culture Day
文化の日
November 23
Labor Thanksgiving Day
勤労感謝の日
December 23
The Emperor's Birthday
天皇誕生日
''The list and the table are to be merged.''
The list of national holidays:
* January 1 - ''Ganjitsu'' New Year's Day (since 1948)
* The second Monday in January - ''Seijin no hi'' Seijin Shiki/Coming-of-Age Day. Until 1999, the day was on January 15 (since 1948)
* February 11 - ''Kenkoku kinen no hi'' National Foundation Day), the traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu of Japan/Emperor Jimmu.
* March 21 - Vernal Equinox Day (since 1966) The day may vary according to the law.
* April 29 - ''Midori no hi'' Greenery Day (since 1989)
* May 3 - Constitution Memorial Day (since 1948)
* May 4 - ''Kokumin no kyūjitsu'' National Holiday (since 1985)
* May 5 - ''Kodomo no hi'' Children's Day (since 1948)
* The third Monday in July - ''Umi no hi'' Marine Day. Until 2002, the day was on July 20 (since 1995)
* The third Monday in September - ''Keirō no hi'' Respect for the Aged Day. Until 2002, the day was on September 15 (since 1966)
* September 22 - ''Kokumin no kyūjitsu'' National Holiday (since 2003). This day appears occasionally according to the law. The day is predicted to appear in 2009 unless the law remains same.
* September 23 - Autumnal Equinox Day (since 1948)
* The second Monday in October - ''Taiiku no hi'' Health and Sports Day. Until 1999, the day was on October 10 (since 1966)
* November 3 - National Culture Day (since 1948)
* November 23 - Labor Thanksgiving Day (since 1948
* December 23 - The Emperor's Birthday (since 1989)
This table includes 雑節 (Zassetsu), 二十四節気 (24 Sekki) and some others.
* January 5 - 寒の入り Kannoiri
* January 5 - 小寒 Shōkan
* January 17 - 冬の土用 Fuyu no doyo/doyō
* January 20 - 大寒 Daikan
* February 3 - 節分 Setsubun
* February 4 - 立春 Risshun (literally meaning standing spring (season)/spring)
* February 19 - 雨水 Usui
* March 6 - 啓蟄 Keichitsu
* March 16 - 春社日 haru sha nichi
* March 18 - 春彼岸 haru higan
* March 21 - 春分 Shunbun
* April 5 - 清明 Seimei
* April 17 - 春の土用 haru no doyo/doyō
* April 20 - 穀雨 Kokuu
* May 2 - 八十八夜 hachijū hachi ya 88 nights
* May 6 - 立夏 Rikka (literally meaning standing summer)
* May 21 - 小満 Shōman
* June 6 - 芒種 Bōshu
* June 11 - 入梅 Nyū bai (literally meaning entering tsuyu)
* June 21 - 夏至 Gesshi
* July 2 - 半夏生 Hange shō
* July 7 - 小暑 Shōsho
* July 15 - 中元 Chugen/Chūgen
* July 15 - お盆 Obon
* July 20 - 夏の土用 natsu no doyo/doyō
* July 23 - 大暑 Taisho
* August 8 - 立秋 Risshu/Risshū (literally meaning standing autumn)
* August 23 - 処暑 Shosho
* September 1 - 二百十日 (Ni-hyaku tō ka, 210 days)
* September 8 - 白露 Hakuro
* September 11 - 二百二十日 (Ni-hyaku hatsu ka, 220 days)
* September 20 - 秋彼岸 aki higan
* September 22 - 秋社日 aki sha nichi
* September 23 - 秋分 Shubun/Shūbun
* October 8 - 寒露 Kannro
* October 20 - 秋の土用 aki no doyo/doyō
* October 23 - 霜降 Sōkō
* November 7 - 立冬 Ritto (day)/Rittō (literally meaning standing winter)
* November 22 - 小雪 Shōsetsu
* December 7 - 大雪 Taisetsu
* December 22 - 冬至 Toji/Tōji
(Except 中元 (chūgen) and お盆 (obon), days vary according to the year.)
Some of these names are still used quite frequently in everyday life in Japan. It is common that daily weather reports use 冬至 (Tōji).
Seasonal festivals
The following are known as the five seasonal festivals (''sekku'' 節句)
*January 1 - Japanese New Year
*January 7 - 人日 (''Jinjutsu''), 七草の節句 (''Nanakusa-no-sekku'')
*March 3 - 上巳 (''Joshi/Jōshi''/''Jōmi''), 桃の節句
*May 5 - 端午 (''Tango''/''Tango no Sekku''), 端午の節句 - Children's Day (originally the boys' festival while Hinamatsuri was the girls' festival)
*July 7 - 七夕 (''Shichiseki''/''Tanabata'')
*September 9 - 重陽 (''Chōyō''), 菊の節句
*December 31 - Japanese New Year's Eve
''Rokuyō''
The ''rokuyō'' (六曜) are a series of six days that predict whether there will be good or bad fortune during that day. The ''rokuyō'' are still commonly found on Japanese calendars today, and are often used to plan weddings and funerals. The ''rokuyō'' are also known as the ''rokki'' (六輝). In order, they are:
* 先勝 (''senshō'') - Good luck before noon, bad luck after noon
* 友引 (''tomobiki'') - Bad things will happen to your friends. Funerals avoided on this day.
* 先負 (''senbu'') - Bad luck before noon, good luck after noon
* 仏滅 (''butsumetsu'') - Most unlucky day. Weddings best avoided.
* 大安 (''taian'') - Most lucky day. Good day for weddings.
* 赤口 (''shakkō'') - The hour of the horse (11 am - 1 pm) is lucky. The rest is bad luck.
See also
*Holidays of Japan
*Calendar
*Japanese era name
*Chinese Calendar
External links
*http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e
*http://www2.gol.com/users/stever/calendar.htm
*http://koyomi.vis.ne.jp/mainindex.htm in Japanese
*http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~nm9m-hsy/koyomi/ in Japanese
it:Calendario giapponese
ja:日本のこよみ
ms:Kalendar Jepun
sl:Japonski koledar
zh-cn:日本历
Tag: Japan
Tag: Public holidays in Japan/*
Tag: Specific calendars
Years
Since the adoption of the Gregorian calendar, three different systems for counting years have been used in Japan:
*The Western Free ringtones Anno Domini/Christian Era (西暦) designation
*The Majo Mills Japanese era name (元号) based on the reign of the current emperor, the year Mosquito ringtone 2005 being Heisei 17
*The imperial year (皇紀) based on the mythical founding of Japan by Sabrina Martins Emperor Jimmu of Japan/Emperor Jimmu in 660BC
Of the these three, the first two are still in current use; the imperial calendar was used until the end of World War II, though still maintained in some official contexts.
Months
The modern Japanese names for the months literally translate to "first month," "second month," and so on. The corresponding number is combined with the suffix -gatsu (month):
* January - 一月 (ichigatsu)
* February - 二月 (nigatsu)
* March - 三月 (sangatsu)
* April - 四月 (shigatsu)
* May - 五月 (gogatsu)
* June - 六月 (rokugatsu)
* July - 七月 (shichigatsu)
* August - 八月 (hachigatsu)
* September - 九月 (kugatsu)
* October - 十月 (jūgatsu)
* November - 十一月 (jūichigatsu)
* December - 十二月 (jūnigatsu)
In addition, every month has a traditional name, still used by some in fields such as Cingular Ringtones poetry; of the twelve, ''shiwasu'' is still widely used today. The opening paragraph of a letter or the greeting in a speech might borrow one of these names to convey a sense of the season. Some, such as ''yayoi'' and ''satsuki'', do double duty as street on given names (for women). These month names also appear from time to time on pluralism berlin jidaigeki, which are contemporary acceptable because television shows and after daily film/movies set in the televised joint Edo period or earlier.
Here is a list of the traditional names.
The name of month: (pronunciation, literal meaning)
* unaware they January - 睦月 (mu tsuki)
* undo the February - 如月 or 衣更着 (convictions we kisaragi or unmemorable document kinusaragi)
* if having March - 弥生 (yayoi)
* a misspelling April - 卯月 (udzuki)
* or states May - 皐月 or 早月 or 五月(satsuki)
* seconds so June - 水無月 (mina tsuki or mina dzuki, no water month)
* joke ruddy July - 文月 (fumi dzuki, book month)
* mere sideshow August - 葉月 (ha dzuki, leaf month)
* themselves down September - 長月 (naga tsuki, long month)
* resigned himself October - 神無月 (kan'na dzuki or kamina dzuki, no god month), 神有月 or 神在月; (kamiari dzuki, god month – only in retailer jobber Izumo province, where all the gods are believed to gather in October for an annual meeting at the Izumo Shrine)
* directing episodes November - 霜月 (shimo tsuki, frost month)
* cobbled alley December - 師走 (shiwasu, priests run; it is named so because priests are busy making end of the year prayers and blessings.)
Days of the month
Each day of the month has a semi-systematic but irregularly formed name:
Holidays
Notes: Single days between two national holidays are taken as a bank holiday. This applies to May 4, which is a holiday each year. When a national holiday falls on a Sunday the following Monday is being taken as a holiday.
Date
English Name
Local Name
Remarks
January 1
Japanese New Year/New Year's Day
元日
''Moveable feast/Moveable Monday''
Seijin Shiki/Coming-of-age Day
成人の日
2nd Monday of January
February 11
National Foundation Day
建国記念日
March 20 or March 21/21
Vernal Equinox Day
春分の日
April 29
Greenery Day
みどりの日
Golden Week
May 3
Constitution Memorial Day
憲法記念日
May 4
National Holiday
May 5
Children's Day
子供の日
''Moveable feast/Moveable Monday''
Maritime Day
海の日
3rd Monday of July
''Moveable feast/Moveable Monday''
Respect for the Aged Day
敬老の日
3rd Monday of September
September 23 or September 24/24
Autumnal Equinox Day
秋分の日
''Moveable feast/Moveable Monday''
Health-Sports Day
体育の日
2nd Monday of October
November 3
Culture Day
文化の日
November 23
Labor Thanksgiving Day
勤労感謝の日
December 23
The Emperor's Birthday
天皇誕生日
''The list and the table are to be merged.''
The list of national holidays:
* January 1 - ''Ganjitsu'' New Year's Day (since 1948)
* The second Monday in January - ''Seijin no hi'' Seijin Shiki/Coming-of-Age Day. Until 1999, the day was on January 15 (since 1948)
* February 11 - ''Kenkoku kinen no hi'' National Foundation Day), the traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu of Japan/Emperor Jimmu.
* March 21 - Vernal Equinox Day (since 1966) The day may vary according to the law.
* April 29 - ''Midori no hi'' Greenery Day (since 1989)
* May 3 - Constitution Memorial Day (since 1948)
* May 4 - ''Kokumin no kyūjitsu'' National Holiday (since 1985)
* May 5 - ''Kodomo no hi'' Children's Day (since 1948)
* The third Monday in July - ''Umi no hi'' Marine Day. Until 2002, the day was on July 20 (since 1995)
* The third Monday in September - ''Keirō no hi'' Respect for the Aged Day. Until 2002, the day was on September 15 (since 1966)
* September 22 - ''Kokumin no kyūjitsu'' National Holiday (since 2003). This day appears occasionally according to the law. The day is predicted to appear in 2009 unless the law remains same.
* September 23 - Autumnal Equinox Day (since 1948)
* The second Monday in October - ''Taiiku no hi'' Health and Sports Day. Until 1999, the day was on October 10 (since 1966)
* November 3 - National Culture Day (since 1948)
* November 23 - Labor Thanksgiving Day (since 1948
* December 23 - The Emperor's Birthday (since 1989)
This table includes 雑節 (Zassetsu), 二十四節気 (24 Sekki) and some others.
* January 5 - 寒の入り Kannoiri
* January 5 - 小寒 Shōkan
* January 17 - 冬の土用 Fuyu no doyo/doyō
* January 20 - 大寒 Daikan
* February 3 - 節分 Setsubun
* February 4 - 立春 Risshun (literally meaning standing spring (season)/spring)
* February 19 - 雨水 Usui
* March 6 - 啓蟄 Keichitsu
* March 16 - 春社日 haru sha nichi
* March 18 - 春彼岸 haru higan
* March 21 - 春分 Shunbun
* April 5 - 清明 Seimei
* April 17 - 春の土用 haru no doyo/doyō
* April 20 - 穀雨 Kokuu
* May 2 - 八十八夜 hachijū hachi ya 88 nights
* May 6 - 立夏 Rikka (literally meaning standing summer)
* May 21 - 小満 Shōman
* June 6 - 芒種 Bōshu
* June 11 - 入梅 Nyū bai (literally meaning entering tsuyu)
* June 21 - 夏至 Gesshi
* July 2 - 半夏生 Hange shō
* July 7 - 小暑 Shōsho
* July 15 - 中元 Chugen/Chūgen
* July 15 - お盆 Obon
* July 20 - 夏の土用 natsu no doyo/doyō
* July 23 - 大暑 Taisho
* August 8 - 立秋 Risshu/Risshū (literally meaning standing autumn)
* August 23 - 処暑 Shosho
* September 1 - 二百十日 (Ni-hyaku tō ka, 210 days)
* September 8 - 白露 Hakuro
* September 11 - 二百二十日 (Ni-hyaku hatsu ka, 220 days)
* September 20 - 秋彼岸 aki higan
* September 22 - 秋社日 aki sha nichi
* September 23 - 秋分 Shubun/Shūbun
* October 8 - 寒露 Kannro
* October 20 - 秋の土用 aki no doyo/doyō
* October 23 - 霜降 Sōkō
* November 7 - 立冬 Ritto (day)/Rittō (literally meaning standing winter)
* November 22 - 小雪 Shōsetsu
* December 7 - 大雪 Taisetsu
* December 22 - 冬至 Toji/Tōji
(Except 中元 (chūgen) and お盆 (obon), days vary according to the year.)
Some of these names are still used quite frequently in everyday life in Japan. It is common that daily weather reports use 冬至 (Tōji).
Seasonal festivals
The following are known as the five seasonal festivals (''sekku'' 節句)
*January 1 - Japanese New Year
*January 7 - 人日 (''Jinjutsu''), 七草の節句 (''Nanakusa-no-sekku'')
*March 3 - 上巳 (''Joshi/Jōshi''/''Jōmi''), 桃の節句
*May 5 - 端午 (''Tango''/''Tango no Sekku''), 端午の節句 - Children's Day (originally the boys' festival while Hinamatsuri was the girls' festival)
*July 7 - 七夕 (''Shichiseki''/''Tanabata'')
*September 9 - 重陽 (''Chōyō''), 菊の節句
*December 31 - Japanese New Year's Eve
''Rokuyō''
The ''rokuyō'' (六曜) are a series of six days that predict whether there will be good or bad fortune during that day. The ''rokuyō'' are still commonly found on Japanese calendars today, and are often used to plan weddings and funerals. The ''rokuyō'' are also known as the ''rokki'' (六輝). In order, they are:
* 先勝 (''senshō'') - Good luck before noon, bad luck after noon
* 友引 (''tomobiki'') - Bad things will happen to your friends. Funerals avoided on this day.
* 先負 (''senbu'') - Bad luck before noon, good luck after noon
* 仏滅 (''butsumetsu'') - Most unlucky day. Weddings best avoided.
* 大安 (''taian'') - Most lucky day. Good day for weddings.
* 赤口 (''shakkō'') - The hour of the horse (11 am - 1 pm) is lucky. The rest is bad luck.
See also
*Holidays of Japan
*Calendar
*Japanese era name
*Chinese Calendar
External links
*http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e
*http://www2.gol.com/users/stever/calendar.htm
*http://koyomi.vis.ne.jp/mainindex.htm in Japanese
*http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~nm9m-hsy/koyomi/ in Japanese
it:Calendario giapponese
ja:日本のこよみ
ms:Kalendar Jepun
sl:Japonski koledar
zh-cn:日本历
Tag: Japan
Tag: Public holidays in Japan/*
Tag: Specific calendars
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